The Ultimate Style Guide for Effective Academic Writing

Related Concepts: Discourse Community - Community of Practice; Elements of Style; Professional Writing – Style Guide; What is Academic Writing? Academic writing refers to all of the texts produced by academic writers, including theoretical, empirical, or experience-based works. Examples: Students at the high school and undergraduate level write essays, book reviews, lab reports, reviews of literature, proposals--and more. These assignments often presume an audience of a teacher-as-examiner Professional academics (e.g. research faculty at a university) engage in academic discourse in order to engage in peer-reviewed scholarly conversations with other experts...

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Professional Writing

Summary Professional Writing refers to the writing style of writers and bots in workplace settings. an archive, a digital trace, a genre of writing produced by an organization--by a discourse community. a course of study. Synonyms Professional Writing may also be known as Technical Writing Workplace Writing. Related Topics: Style; Styles of Writing Professional Writing - 3 Definitions 1. Professional Writing refers to the writing style of writers and bots in workplace settings and public settings. The writing styles of professional writers tend to vary across communities of practice. For instance, the writing style of...

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Ableist Language – Disability Metaphors – Disability Studies

What is Ableist Language? Every time you write, whether it is an email, an argument for class, or a social media post, you shape the culture around disability, for better or for worse. Your language reflects your perspectives on disability.  One way that our culture marginalizes and excludes those with disabilities is by defining “normal” as “able-bodied.” Such a definition suggests that those with disabilities are “abnormal,” even though 1 in 4 Americans has a disability and the vast majority of people will experience some temporary or short-term disability over...

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Wrong Word

What Does it Mean to Use the Wrong Word? English is a tricky language. Words can be easily confused for similar sounding words (homonyms). When in doubt, research the word you are using to make sure that it means what you think it means.  Related Concepts: Audience; Diction; Editing; Rhetorical Analysis; Rhetorical Reasoning Examples Accede—verb—to agree or consent Ex. I accede to your request for help.  Exceed—verb—to go over an expected limit Ex. If you exceed the speed limit, you may get a speeding ticket.  Accept—verb—to receive Ex. I would like to accept this award recognizing my...

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Abstract Language

What is Abstract Language? Abstract language is language that references intangible, metaphysical things—ideas, concepts, theoriesan attribute of prose, a style of writing, that is common in school and workplace writing (see Diction). Related Concepts: Concrete, Sensory Writing; Description; Code Switching; Figurative Language; Given to New Contract; Register; Vague Language; Writer-Based Prose Style Why Does Abstract Language Matter? Abstract language empowers writers, speakers, knowledge makers . . . to share, debate, and test new ideas, theories, conceptstest new knowledge claims develop knowledgeengage in basic research, applied research develop new applications. Abstract...

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Tough, Sweet, & Stuffy Prose Styles

What are Tough, Sweet & Stuffy Prose Styles? In 1966, Walker Gibson theorized "the way we write at any given moment can be seen as an adjustment or compromise among these three styles of identifying ourselves and defining our relation with others": The Tough Talker"The Tough Talker, in these terms, is a man dramatized as centrally concerned with himself -- his style is I-talk."Prose style is concise and straightforward. Example: Hemingway's prose.The Sweet Talker"The Sweet Talker goes out of his way to be nice to us -- his style is...

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Parts of a Sentence

Parts of a Sentence refers to the basic building blocks of Standard Written or Spoken English. Generally speaking, when subject matter experts use the term, Parts of a Sentence, they are referring to Subjects (S)Verbs (V) and, sometimes, 3. Objects (O), either Indirect Objects (IO) or Direct Objects (D0). Additionally, subject matter experts may referring to Independent Clauses, Dependent Clauses, Phrases Related Concepts: Parts of Speech Should I be able to Identify the Parts of a Sentence? Yes, you do need to be able to identify a subject and a...

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Sentence Errors

Sentence Errors are errors related to grammar and mechanics within sentences in Standard Written English. Related Concepts: Awkward Sentence Structure; Style; Styles of Writing "Students make errors in the process of learning, and as they learn about writing, they often make new errors, not necessarily fewer ones. But knowing basic grammatical terminology does provide students with a tool for thinking about and discussing sentences. And lots of discussion of language, along with lots of reading and lots of writing, are the three ingredients for helping students write in accordance with...

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Sentence Patterns

Sentence Patterns is a way of categorizing sentences in Standard English. The basic building block of a sentence in standard English, as illustrated by the article on Sentence Parts is "Subject + Predicate."The subject is the actor in the sentence. It is whatever is doing what the verb describes. The predicate includes the rest of the sentence—the verb or the action in the sentence—and anything else that the verb is affecting. Writers, speakers, knowledge workers . . . use a variety of sentence patterns in their texts, choosing the pattern...

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Sentence Types

Sentence Types in English are DeclarativeImperativeInterrogativeExclamatory. Sentence Types categorize sentences by their function—i.e., by what the sentence is doing Declarativedeclare something!Imperativemake requests, give ordersInterrogativeask questionsExclamatorygive emphasis and an excited tone! Examples of Sentence Types 1. Declarative Sentences Declarative Sentences literally declare something.   Ex: Today is Tuesday.  My name is Jean.  The weather is lovely today.  I read books to my children.  Javier collects unusual postcards from around the world.  My company laid off over one hundred employees. 2. Imperative Sentences Imperative Sentences give orders or make requests. Examples: Take out...

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